Anxiety and Panic Disorder
NHS 25 March 2026
What is Anxiety?
Anxiety is a normal response to stress or danger. However, when anxiety becomes persistent, excessive, or interferes with daily life, it may be an anxiety disorder. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety are the most common types.
Symptoms of Anxiety
Psychological symptoms:
- Feeling nervous, restless or on edge
- Excessive worrying that is hard to control
- Feeling irritable
- Difficulty concentrating
- Avoidance of situations that cause anxiety
Physical symptoms:
- Rapid heartbeat (palpitations)
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Dizziness
- Muscle tension or aches
- Sleep problems
Panic Attacks
A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear with severe physical symptoms including racing heart, chest pain, sweating and dizziness. They usually last 5-20 minutes and feel terrifying, but are not physically dangerous.
Treatment
- CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) — the most effective psychological treatment for anxiety
- Self-help — guided online CBT programs (such as NHS SilverCloud)
- Medicines — SSRIs (sertraline, escitalopram) are first-line; beta-blockers for physical symptoms
- Lifestyle — reducing caffeine and alcohol, regular exercise, relaxation techniques
Getting Help
Speak to your GP. You can also refer yourself to NHS Talking Therapies (formerly IAPT) without a GP referral in many areas. Mind helpline: 0300 123 3393.