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What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. It is an autoimmune condition â the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (synovium). It affects around 400,000 people in the UK.
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Symptoms
- Joint pain, tenderness, swelling and warmth
- Stiffness in the morning (lasting more than 30 minutes)
- Symmetrical joint involvement (both hands, both wrists)
- Fatigue
- Flu-like symptoms
- In severe cases, joint damage and deformity
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Treatment
The main aims are to relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation to prevent joint damage.
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) â methotrexate is usually the first-line treatment
- Biological DMARDs â e.g. TNF inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept), JAK inhibitors â for people who do not respond to conventional DMARDs
- NSAIDs and steroids â for short-term relief of symptoms
- Physiotherapy and occupational therapy â to maintain joint function
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Living with RA
Many people with RA can continue working and living active lives with the right treatment. Versus Arthritis provides excellent support: 0800 5200 520.
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Questions to Ask Your Doctor
These questions can help you get the most from your next GP or specialist appointment.
- • What type of arthritis or bone condition do I have?
- • What is causing my pain â inflammation, wear and tear, or something else?
- • What are my treatment options?
- • Should I be referred to a rheumatologist or orthopaedic surgeon?
- • Can physiotherapy help?
- • What can I do at home to help my joints?
- • Are there any medications I should avoid (e.g. NSAIDs with kidney disease)?
NHS Pathway
What Happens Next on the NHS
1
GP Assessment
Blood tests (CRP, ESR, rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies), X-rays, and joint examination.
2
Rheumatology Referral
Specialist assessment for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or gout.
3
Treatment Initiation
DMARDs (e.g. methotrexate), biologics, steroid injections, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy.
4
Regular Review
Disease activity monitoring (DAS28 score), medication titration, and periodic imaging to track progression.
Timelines are approximate and may vary by NHS trust and area. Your GP can advise on local services.